APA citation
Website design By BotEap.comAPA (American Psychological Association) is a citation style most commonly used to cite sources for articles within the social sciences.
Website design By BotEap.comCiting sources in the text in APA Citation
When referring to a work or a citation from a work, you should cite APA in the format author-date-page number, for example (Freud, 1927). The author’s last name and the year of publication must be used when citing the source within the text. If the author is already mentioned in the award, it is not necessary to mention the author again, just insert the year of publication in parentheses after the author has been mentioned. Website design By BotEap.comThe page number should follow before the sentence period, for example. (p. 00) Website design By BotEap.comFor example: Website design By BotEap.comAccording to Freud (1927), “Religion is comparable to an infantile neurosis” (p. 53). Website design By BotEap.comFreud (1927) compares religion to an infantile neurosis (p. 53). Website design By BotEap.comHe said: “Religion is comparable to an infantile neurosis” (Freud, 1927, p. 53), in which I do not agree. Website design By BotEap.comAPA Works Cited Page
At the end of your paper, you should have a Works Cited page in APA Citation. It should start on a new page and should be titled “References.” It should be centered at the top of the page. Do not bold, underline, or put quotes around the title. Some use an APA job citation generator, but it’s usually done manually. Website design By BotEap.comGeneral rules of the reference list in the APA citation:
Spacing must be double spaced.
The input indent must be a hanging indent.
List the entries in alphabetical order by the author’s last name.
If you have multiple sources for an author, order them starting with the oldest post. Website design By BotEap.comCapitalization:
Capitalize main words for journal titles only. Do not capitalize prepositions/conjunctions unless they are the first word of the title/subtitle.
For books, book and magazine chapters or articles, or web pages, capitalize only the first letter of the title and subtitle.
Capitalize proper nouns. Website design By BotEap.comitalics:
Italicize the titles of longer works, such as books and magazines.
Titles of shorter works, such as poems, short stories, magazine articles, and essays, should not be italicized, underlined, or enclosed in quotation marks. Website design By BotEap.comAPA Citation Examples Website design By BotEap.comBOOKS in APA citation Website design By BotEap.combasic size: Website design By BotEap.comAuthor Last Name, First Name Initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of the work: Capital letter also for subtitle. City, State Abbreviation: Publisher. Website design By BotEap.comIf you are not in the US, just enter the city. Website design By BotEap.comAn author: Website design By BotEap.comMoran, A. (2012). Sport and exercise psychology: a critical introduction (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. Website design By BotEap.comIf the edition is different from the first, simply add the edition in parentheses after the title of the work. Website design By BotEap.comTwo authors:
Write the authors by their last names and initials; use the ampersand instead of the word “and”. Website design By BotEap.comKitchener, KS and Anderson, S.K. (2012). Foundations of ethical practice, research, and teaching in psychology and counseling. London: Psychology Press. Website design By BotEap.comFrom three to seven authors:
Separate authors with a comma. The last author must be preceded by an ampersand instead of “and”. Website design By BotEap.comKeith-Spiegel, P., Whitley, BE, Balogh, DW, Perkins, DV, & Wittig, AF (2002). The ethics of teaching: a casebook. London: Psychology Press. Website design By BotEap.comMore than seven authors:
Mention the first six followed by a “…” and then mention the last author. It is not necessary to use the ampersand. Website design By BotEap.comKeith-Spiegel, P., Whitley, BE, Balogh, DW, Perkins, DV, Miller, FH, Harland, AA,… Wittig, AF (2002). The ethics of teaching: a casebook. London: Psychology Press. Website design By BotEap.comChapter or article in an edited book:
Only the first word of the chapter title and subtitle should be capitalized. Only the first word of the book should be capitalized. For multiple authors, follow the format above. For multiple publishers, separate them with commas and ampersands where applicable. Website design By BotEap.comSeligman, M. (1992). Positive psychology, positive prevention and positive therapy. In Snyder, CR, & Lopez S. (Eds.), Positive psychology gender handbook. (pp. 107-123). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania. Website design By BotEap.comMAGAZINE ARTICLES in APA style citation Website design By BotEap.comThe journal is italicized with all major words capitalized. The article title should only have the first word capitalized. Website design By BotEap.comThe basic format: Website design By BotEap.comAuthor Surname, AA (Year of publication). Title of the article or chapter. Magazine, Volume (edition if available), Pages. Website design By BotEap.comBrandon, N. (2012). Prediction of persistence, nonpersistence, and recent onset of nonmedical use of opioids and stimulants in adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 37(6), 716-721. Website design By BotEap.comTwo authors:
Just like you would cite APA in a book. Separate with an ampersand. Website design By BotEap.comBrandon, N. & Rogers, P., (2012). Prediction of persistence, nonpersistence, and recent onset of nonmedical use of opioids and stimulants in adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 37(6), 716-721. Website design By BotEap.comFor three or up to seven authors, follow the author list as you would the book for APA citation. The same rule applies for seven or more authors. Website design By BotEap.comOnline book:
Use “nd” if no date is available. Include the full URL where readers can find it. Website design By BotEap.comSmith, D. (2008). Where to find happiness. Available from URL_GOES_HERE Website design By BotEap.comNEWSPAPERS in APA citation Website design By BotEap.comPrint:
Newspaper articles can usually be several pages long. If there is only one page, use p. For multiple pages, use pp. for an APA citation. Website design By BotEap.comExample
Single page: p. A2
Multiple pages: pp. C2, C5-C7 Website design By BotEap.comMention the full date (year, date of the month), eg. (2006, March 26) Website design By BotEap.comExamples of APA citations: Website design By BotEap.comRichards, S. (April 28, 2007). Alcohol policies around the world. Washington Post, pp. 2A, 3A. Website design By BotEap.comOnline:
Include the full URL Website design By BotEap.comTierney, J. (2011, May 16). A new indicator to see what lies beyond happiness. The New York Times. Retrieved from URL_GOES_HERE Website design By BotEap.comMAGAZINE in APA citation Website design By BotEap.comBasic Format (Print): Website design By BotEap.comBorgia, M. (2000, April 9). Pass the mark of global schools. Newsweek, 135, 26-28. Website design By BotEap.comOnline: Website design By BotEap.comUse np if no publisher name is provided and nd if no publication date is available. Add the full URL to cite in APA. Website design By BotEap.comRonalds, TM, Peters, A. & Ricci, D. (2008). Abnormal eating among adolescents. Cosmopolitan Online, 10(3), 35-36. Obtained from
URL_GOES_HERE Website design By BotEap.comWEBSITE in APA citation
Include the date of access because websites are updated frequently. Add the full URL of the site.
Use nd if a publication date is not provided.
Author, A. (Date if available). Title of the document/article/or page. Retrieved from URL_GOES_HERE Website design By BotEap.comEvans, E. (5 May 2010). Soup for the soul. Retrieved from URL_GOES_HERE Website design By BotEap.comEvans, E. (nd). Soup for the soul. Retrieved from URL_GOES_HERE
When referring to a work or a citation from a work, you should cite APA in the format author-date-page number, for example (Freud, 1927). The author’s last name and the year of publication must be used when citing the source within the text. If the author is already mentioned in the award, it is not necessary to mention the author again, just insert the year of publication in parentheses after the author has been mentioned. Website design By BotEap.comThe page number should follow before the sentence period, for example. (p. 00) Website design By BotEap.comFor example: Website design By BotEap.comAccording to Freud (1927), “Religion is comparable to an infantile neurosis” (p. 53). Website design By BotEap.comFreud (1927) compares religion to an infantile neurosis (p. 53). Website design By BotEap.comHe said: “Religion is comparable to an infantile neurosis” (Freud, 1927, p. 53), in which I do not agree. Website design By BotEap.comAPA Works Cited Page
At the end of your paper, you should have a Works Cited page in APA Citation. It should start on a new page and should be titled “References.” It should be centered at the top of the page. Do not bold, underline, or put quotes around the title. Some use an APA job citation generator, but it’s usually done manually. Website design By BotEap.comGeneral rules of the reference list in the APA citation:
Spacing must be double spaced.
The input indent must be a hanging indent.
List the entries in alphabetical order by the author’s last name.
If you have multiple sources for an author, order them starting with the oldest post. Website design By BotEap.comCapitalization:
Capitalize main words for journal titles only. Do not capitalize prepositions/conjunctions unless they are the first word of the title/subtitle.
For books, book and magazine chapters or articles, or web pages, capitalize only the first letter of the title and subtitle.
Capitalize proper nouns. Website design By BotEap.comitalics:
Italicize the titles of longer works, such as books and magazines.
Titles of shorter works, such as poems, short stories, magazine articles, and essays, should not be italicized, underlined, or enclosed in quotation marks. Website design By BotEap.comAPA Citation Examples Website design By BotEap.comBOOKS in APA citation Website design By BotEap.combasic size: Website design By BotEap.comAuthor Last Name, First Name Initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of the work: Capital letter also for subtitle. City, State Abbreviation: Publisher. Website design By BotEap.comIf you are not in the US, just enter the city. Website design By BotEap.comAn author: Website design By BotEap.comMoran, A. (2012). Sport and exercise psychology: a critical introduction (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. Website design By BotEap.comIf the edition is different from the first, simply add the edition in parentheses after the title of the work. Website design By BotEap.comTwo authors:
Write the authors by their last names and initials; use the ampersand instead of the word “and”. Website design By BotEap.comKitchener, KS and Anderson, S.K. (2012). Foundations of ethical practice, research, and teaching in psychology and counseling. London: Psychology Press. Website design By BotEap.comFrom three to seven authors:
Separate authors with a comma. The last author must be preceded by an ampersand instead of “and”. Website design By BotEap.comKeith-Spiegel, P., Whitley, BE, Balogh, DW, Perkins, DV, & Wittig, AF (2002). The ethics of teaching: a casebook. London: Psychology Press. Website design By BotEap.comMore than seven authors:
Mention the first six followed by a “…” and then mention the last author. It is not necessary to use the ampersand. Website design By BotEap.comKeith-Spiegel, P., Whitley, BE, Balogh, DW, Perkins, DV, Miller, FH, Harland, AA,… Wittig, AF (2002). The ethics of teaching: a casebook. London: Psychology Press. Website design By BotEap.comChapter or article in an edited book:
Only the first word of the chapter title and subtitle should be capitalized. Only the first word of the book should be capitalized. For multiple authors, follow the format above. For multiple publishers, separate them with commas and ampersands where applicable. Website design By BotEap.comSeligman, M. (1992). Positive psychology, positive prevention and positive therapy. In Snyder, CR, & Lopez S. (Eds.), Positive psychology gender handbook. (pp. 107-123). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania. Website design By BotEap.comMAGAZINE ARTICLES in APA style citation Website design By BotEap.comThe journal is italicized with all major words capitalized. The article title should only have the first word capitalized. Website design By BotEap.comThe basic format: Website design By BotEap.comAuthor Surname, AA (Year of publication). Title of the article or chapter. Magazine, Volume (edition if available), Pages. Website design By BotEap.comBrandon, N. (2012). Prediction of persistence, nonpersistence, and recent onset of nonmedical use of opioids and stimulants in adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 37(6), 716-721. Website design By BotEap.comTwo authors:
Just like you would cite APA in a book. Separate with an ampersand. Website design By BotEap.comBrandon, N. & Rogers, P., (2012). Prediction of persistence, nonpersistence, and recent onset of nonmedical use of opioids and stimulants in adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 37(6), 716-721. Website design By BotEap.comFor three or up to seven authors, follow the author list as you would the book for APA citation. The same rule applies for seven or more authors. Website design By BotEap.comOnline book:
Use “nd” if no date is available. Include the full URL where readers can find it. Website design By BotEap.comSmith, D. (2008). Where to find happiness. Available from URL_GOES_HERE Website design By BotEap.comNEWSPAPERS in APA citation Website design By BotEap.comPrint:
Newspaper articles can usually be several pages long. If there is only one page, use p. For multiple pages, use pp. for an APA citation. Website design By BotEap.comExample
Single page: p. A2
Multiple pages: pp. C2, C5-C7 Website design By BotEap.comMention the full date (year, date of the month), eg. (2006, March 26) Website design By BotEap.comExamples of APA citations: Website design By BotEap.comRichards, S. (April 28, 2007). Alcohol policies around the world. Washington Post, pp. 2A, 3A. Website design By BotEap.comOnline:
Include the full URL Website design By BotEap.comTierney, J. (2011, May 16). A new indicator to see what lies beyond happiness. The New York Times. Retrieved from URL_GOES_HERE Website design By BotEap.comMAGAZINE in APA citation Website design By BotEap.comBasic Format (Print): Website design By BotEap.comBorgia, M. (2000, April 9). Pass the mark of global schools. Newsweek, 135, 26-28. Website design By BotEap.comOnline: Website design By BotEap.comUse np if no publisher name is provided and nd if no publication date is available. Add the full URL to cite in APA. Website design By BotEap.comRonalds, TM, Peters, A. & Ricci, D. (2008). Abnormal eating among adolescents. Cosmopolitan Online, 10(3), 35-36. Obtained from
URL_GOES_HERE Website design By BotEap.comWEBSITE in APA citation
Include the date of access because websites are updated frequently. Add the full URL of the site.
Use nd if a publication date is not provided.
Author, A. (Date if available). Title of the document/article/or page. Retrieved from URL_GOES_HERE Website design By BotEap.comEvans, E. (5 May 2010). Soup for the soul. Retrieved from URL_GOES_HERE Website design By BotEap.comEvans, E. (nd). Soup for the soul. Retrieved from URL_GOES_HERE